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Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiologic Links
(Vol 34/No. 1. On-line test expires: 02/20/2009)
To receive continuing education credit, you must read the information in this article and take an on-line post test and fill out an on-line program evaluation form. The certificate will then be generated for you as a .pdf file which you can print out locally on your computer.

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  AUTHOR
LaVonne Burrows, APRN, BC, CNN
 LaVonne Burrows, APRN, BC, CNN, is an Advanced Practice Nurse with Springfield Nephrology Associates in Springfield, MO. She is a member of ANNA’s Ozarks Regional Chapter.
Robert Muller, MSN, RN, FNP-C
 Robert Muller, MSN, RN, FNP-C, is a Nurse Practitioner with Springfield Nephrology Associates in Springfield, MO. He is a member of ANNA’s Ozarks Regional Chapter.
  OUTLINE

This is the second in a series of three articles about the risk factors and complications related to chronic kidney disease and their impact on cardiovascular disease. This article focuses on identifying pathophysiologic mechanisms by which two traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease (hypertension and dyslipidemia), and two nontraditional risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease (anemia and abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism) contribute to the markedly increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
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  CE RELATED INFORMATION
This offering for 1.5 contact hours is being provided by the American Nephrology Nurses’ Association (ANNA), which is accredited as a provider and approver of continuing education in nursing by the American Nurses’ Credentialing Center-Commission on Accreditation (ANCCCOA). This educational activity is approved by most states and specialty organizations that recognize the ANCC-COA accreditation process. ANNA is an approved provider of continuing education in nursing by the California Board of Registered Nursing, BRN Provider No. 00910; and the Kansas State Board of Nursing, Provider No. LT0148-0738. This offering is accepted for RN and LPN relicensure in Kansas

  EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Goal:
Identify pathophysiologic mechanisms by which risks factors for cardiovascular disease contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives:
1. Describe the villain-victim development of hypertension in patients with CKD.
2. Identify dyslipidemias seen in patients with CKD.
3. Discuss anemia and its contribution to development of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH).
4. Describe the development of arterial stiffness in patients with CKD.


AUTHOR DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
LaVonne Burrows has no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Robert Muller has no conflicts of interest to disclose.

 ANNA and HDCN CE POLICY STATEMENTS

The CE policy and disclosure statements of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association are given in detail on the Symposium Home Page. The CE policy statements of HDCN are listed on this page.