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Sodium Profiling: The Key to Reducing Symptoms of Dialysis?
(Vol
34/No. 4. On-line test expires: 08/20/2009)
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To
receive continuing education credit, you must read the
information in this article and take an on-line post
test and fill out an on-line program evaluation form.
The certificate will then be generated for you as a
.pdf file which you can print out locally on your computer.
CE Certification by ANNA requires a handling charge
that must be paid by credit card. Pricing information
is available by clicking on the "Post-Test Evaluation"
link below.
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Please
download and print the PDF file below:
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Paula McLaren, PgDipHigherEd, BSc (Hons),RGN
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Paula McLaren, PgDipHigherEd, BSc (Hons),
RGN, is Principal Lecturer, The University of
Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United
Kingdom. For more information on this article, contact
the author at P.McLaren@herts.ac.uk.
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Cheri Hunter, MSc, BA (Hons) Ed, Cert Ed
(Distinction), Cert Counselling, FETC, RGN,
Dip Nursing (Canada)
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Cheri Hunter, MSc, BA (Hons) Ed, Cert Ed
(Distinction), Cert Counselling, FETC, RGN,
Dip Nursing (Canada), is Associate Dean,
University of Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and
Hertfordshire Postgraduate Medicine, Hatfield,
Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
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Background/Aims: A systematic review was undertaken in order to critically appraise the
current knowledge base of sodium profiling in hemodialysis. Between 15%-80% of patients
on hemodialysis experience symptoms of dialysis intolerance every dialysis session. The purpose
of this review was to identify whether sodium profiling is an effective intervention in
removing or reducing these untoward effects.
Methods: A literature search was undertaken using Medline and Embase. Inclusion criteria
were primary research or controlled clinical trials published between January 1990 and June
2006 and studies in the chronic dialysis setting and studies that identified sodium profiling
as the intervention in hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration. Articles excluded included: those
that could not establish whether sodium profiling was the intervention responsible for the
outcome; articles on hemofiltration; and review articles and research pertaining to the acute
setting. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review.
Results: A number of flaws were identified with methodological adequacy and consistency of
findings. It was not possible to determine whether positive effects outweighed negative effects
in this review. In the majority of studies, there was a lack of follow-up and the inability to
determine long-term outcomes of patients who received sodium profiling.
Conclusion: This evaluative review could not provide evidence to support the clinical use of
sodium profiling in the population of patients on hemodialysis who are symptomatic . There
remains a theoretical base for the use of sodium profiling, however further studies are needed
providing consistency in methodology, looking not only at reduction in morbidity but effects
on quality of life, long-term outcomes, and mortality.
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CE
RELATED INFORMATION |
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This
offering for 1.5 contact
hours is being provided by
the
American
Nephrology Nurses’ Association
(ANNA), which
is accredited as a provider
and approver of continuing
education in nursing by
the American Nurses’
Credentialing Center-Commission
on Accreditation (ANCCCOA).
This educational activity
is approved by most states
and specialty organizations
that recognize the ANCC-COA
accreditation process. ANNA
is an approved provider of
continuing education in nursing
by the California Board of
Registered Nursing, BRN Provider
No. 00910; and the Kansas
State Board of Nursing, Provider
No. LT0148-0738. This offering
is accepted for RN and LPN
relicensure in Kansas
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Goal:
To provide information about sodium profiling in hemodialysis.
Objectives:
1. Describe the possible role sodium plays in dialysis intolerance.
2. Explain the reasons sodium profiling is thought to be useful in avoiding dialysis intolerance.
3. Analyze the methods, results, and conclusions provided from a literature review study on sodium profiling.
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AUTHOR DISCLOSURE
STATEMENT |
Paula McLaren
has no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Cheri Hunter
has no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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ANNA and HDCN CE POLICY STATEMENTS |
The CE policy and disclosure statements of the American Nephrology
Nurses' Association are given in detail on the Symposium
Home Page. The CE policy statements of HDCN are listed on
this page. |
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