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Improved Patient Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: Optimizing Vitamin D Therapy
(Vol 35/No. 2. On-line test expires: 04/20/2010)
To receive continuing education credit, you must read the information in this article and take an on-line post test and fill out an on-line program evaluation form. The certificate will then be generated for you as a .pdf file which you can print out locally on your computer.

CE Certification by ANNA requires a handling charge that must be paid by credit card. Pricing information is available by clicking on the "Post-Test Evaluation" link below.
  DOWNLOAD TEST ARTICLE
Please download and print the PDF file below:
  AUTHOR
Frank A. Gesek, PhD, RPh
 Frank A. Gesek, PhD, RPh,is a Clinical Affairs Specialist, Millennium CME Institute, Inc.Hampton,NH.
Jennifer S. Desmond, MFA, BSN, MSN, FNPC
 Jennifer S. Desmond, MFA, BSN, MSN, FNPC,is a Family Nurse Practitioner, Islands Community Medical Services, Vinalhaven, ME.
  OUTLINE

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D deficiency and reduced synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) early in the progression of CKD leads to abnormal mineral metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased parathyroid hormone and remodeling of bone that releases calcium and phosphorus, resulting in vascular calcification. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD..
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Take on-line Quiz:
  CE RELATED INFORMATION
This offering for 2.5 contact hours is being provided by the American Nephrology Nurses’ Association (ANNA), ANNA is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education (CNE) by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. ANNA is a provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, provider number CEP 00910.This CNE article meets the Nephrology Nursing Certification Commission’s (NNCC’s) continuing nursing education requirements for certification and recertification.

  EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Goal:
To increase understanding for causes and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Objectives:
1.Relate the pathophysiology of CKD to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).
2. Describe the ultimate effects SHPT has on body systems.
3.Summarize the current treatment options for SHPT

AUTHOR DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
Frank A. Gesek has no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Jennifer S. Desmond has no conflicts of interest to disclose.

 ANNA and HDCN CE POLICY STATEMENTS

The CE policy and disclosure statements of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association are given in detail on the Symposium Home Page. The CE policy statements of HDCN are listed on this page.