1. Following drug therapy with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, which of the following is not true?
   1. Plasma renin activity increases.
   2. Plasma and tissue angiotensin II levels are reduced.
   3. Tissue and/or plasma kinins are produced by the angiotensin II receptor but are not affected by ACE inhibitors.
   4. b and c
2. In angiotensin II dependent hypertension, the intrarenal angiotensin II concentrations are:
   1. Distributed evenly in all compartments and regions within the kidney
   2. Equilibrated with the plasma concentrations
   3. Higher than plasma levels because of AT₁ receptor-mediated uptake and stimulation of intrarenal angiotensinogen mRNA
   4. Increased further following treatment with AT₁ blockers
3. Which of the following statements regarding the action of intrarenal angiotensin II in clinical studies is not correct?
   1. The low plasma renin activity in type II diabetes is paradoxical, because evidence suggests that tissue angiotensin II activity is actually high.
   2. Renal vasodilator responses to ACE inhibition generally exceed those to angiotensin II receptor blockade because of the rise in vasodilator bradykinin and prostaglandins accompanying ACE inhibition.
   3. Both black subjects and patients with type II diabetes show an enhanced renal vasodilator response to agents that interrupt the renin system.
   4. Plasma renin activity normally rises dramatically following angiotensin II receptor blockade.
4. By what mechanism does good blood glucose control prevent or delay progression of renal disease in diabetes mellitus?
   1. By decreasing intraglomerular pressure
   2. By improving control of arterial pressure
   3. By reducing fibrotic cytokine production
   4. By decreasing the deposition of extracellular mesangial matrix
   5. All of the above
5. Which of the following statements about angiotensinogen and hypertension are true?
   1. A variant of the angiotensinogen gene has been found in hypertensive humans.
   2. This variant of the angiotensinogen gene may work to increase the production of angiotensinogen.
   3. Animals genetically engineered to make more angiotensinogen are hypertensive.
   4. All of the above

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