Abitbol C, Zilleruello G, Strauss J, Montane B
Response to growth hormone related to dialysis efficiency in dialyzed children
Am Soc Nephrol
J Am Soc Nephrol (abstract) (Sep) 7:1505 1996

Poor growth is a major problem in children with chronic renal failure, and pediatric nephrologists typically use a variety of measures to address this, including control of acidosis, aggressive treatment of renal osteodystrophy, specified enteral nutrition, and institution of dialysis. Most recently, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used in this population with good results, although the growth is somewhat better if rhGH can be used before the child requires dialysis.

In this study, Abitbol et al examined the relationship between the dose of dialysis, nitrogen balance and the response to rhGH treatment in 11 growth-retarded children, 8 of whom were receiving HD and 3 who were receiving PD. Dialysis efficiency was estimated by either calculating urea clearance from the urea reduction ratio or by measuring urea in the dialysis effluent. Nitrogen balance was also calculated for each patient as the difference between dietary nitrogen intake and the calculated urea nitrogen appearance.

The authors found that nitrogen balance in their patients correlated positively with an increasing Kt/V, and that in 4 children who had their heights followed for one year, the response to rhGH depended on the dose of dialysis received; specifically, there was a poor response to rhGH unless the Kt/V was 1.5 or greater. They conclude that improved dialysis efficiency promotes positive nitrogen balance and that the response to rhGH may depend on dialysis efficiency.

Comment: The most striking finding in this study is the relatively inefficient dialysis received by these children: average Kt/V was approximately 1.1. While there are no agreed-upon standards for the "optimal" Kt/V to achieve in children on dialysis, this value appears to be too low to promote normal growth. In addition, the authors should have separated the HD and PD children into separate groups. Work by Kaiser et al (Pediatric Nephrology 8:733, 1994) has shown that growth is superior in children on PD compared to children on HD. A larger, probably multicenter study is clearly needed to answer the questions raised by this small study. (Joseph Flynn, M.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor)

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Am Soc Nephrol
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