Forte LR, Fan X, Hamra FK, Eber SL, Krause WJ, Lim RW, Pace
VM, Currie MG, Freeman RH
Uroguanylin: Circulating natriuretic peptide from the
intestinal mucosa and heart
16th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension
ISH Abstract Book
(Jun) 16: 1996
An intestinal factor responsible for the natriuresis elicited by oral
salt has long been sought. A candidate peptide named uroguanylin that
activates membrane guanylate cyclases found in the intestine and
kidney was initially isolated from opossum urine and subsequently
purified from intestinal mucosa. This interesting study reports the
isolation by molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding the 109 amino acid
preprouroguanylin from an opossum colon cDNA library. Bioactive
uroguanylin is located at the C-terminus of this precursor
polypeptide.
Preprouroguanylin mRNAs of 1.2 kb were detected
throughout the small and large intestine and surprisingly, in the
atria and ventricles of heart. Transcripts were not found in kidney,
stomach or liver. Preproguanylin mRNAs of 0.8 kb were only detected in
the intestine. Uroguanylin and prouroguanylin were also isolated from
opossum plasma by preparative isoelectric focusing and reverse phase
HPLC. Activation of renal uroguanylin receptors in vivo stimulated the
urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and cGMP.
Comment: Uroguanylin is made
by the intestine and heart and circulates in the bloodstream linking
the intestine and heart with the kidney to regulate urinary salt
excretion. Uroguanylin may be released from the intestinal mucosa upon
salt ingestion, thus regulating salt and water homeostasis by
balancing urinary NaCl excretion to match salt intake. (Carmine
Zoccali, M.D, Reggio Calabria, Italy).
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16th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension
H: Pathophysiology :
Salt (sodium, chloride) sensitivity
H: Special problems :
Endocrine hypertension