Balaskas EV, Bamihas GI, Karamouzis M, Sioulis A, Tourkantonis A
(1) Gemfibrozil, (2) pravastatin, and (3) omega-3 fatty acid treatment of dyslipidemia in CAPD patients 3 abstracts
XVIth Annual CAPD Conference
Perit Dial Int Suppl 2 (Feb) 16:S57,57,58 1996

In these three abstracts the authors investigate the use of different lipid- lowering agents in the CAPD population. Hyperlipidemia, and in particular hypertriglyceridemia, have been a consistent source of concern in CAPD populations.

Pravastatin 20 mg daily was used in 17 patients with undefined diet-resistant hypercholesterolemia. Treatment was for 6-18 months and two patients had the treatment stopped because of increased CK values. Overall the agent was very effective with approximately 40% decreases in cholesterol, 45% decreases in LDL-C, and 20-30% decreases in triglycerides. HDL-C increased by 14-22% and the Apo A1/Apo B ratio increased to 38%.

Gemfibrozil, a fibric acid derivative, 900 mg daily, was used in 19 patients with diet-resistant hypertriglyceridemia of undefined severity. Treatment was for 6-12 months and it was stopped in two patients because of elevated CK levels, and in one patient because of an allergic reaction. The intervention was effective in that triglycerides fell by 35-55% and HDL-C was increased by 14-18%, while the Apo A1/Apo B ratio increased 30%. Total cholesterol decreased by under 10% but this was not significant and not necessarily elevated in the first place.

Omega-3 fatty acids [5 ml dose containing 790 mg of EPA and 527 mg of DHA twice daily] was given to 10 patients with diet-resistant hyperlipidemia of undefined severity. Treatment was for 3-6 months and there were no withdrawals, complications or side effects. Total cholesterol fell 15-18% and triglycerides fell 39-47%. HDL rose 14-17%.

In summary, all three interventions were very effective. For isolated hypertriglyceridemia, Omega-3 fatty acids and gemfibrozil appeared marginally superior to pravastatin, and the Omega-3 fatty acids had the least side effects. For hypercholesterolemia, however, pravastatin was easily the most efficacious and had a very beneficial effect on the total lipid profile without significant side effects.

Comment: These studies, which confirm findings for non-dialysis patients, are helpful in that they clarify which agents may be effective in which scenario. The studies are limited, however, in that there are no controls and in that follow-up is relatively short. The lack of serious side effects is encouraging. A question remains, however, as to what the indications are for pharmacological intervention in diet-resistant hyperlipidemia in PD patients. We are all aware of the implications of high lipid levels in the general population, but we have also discovered in recent years that low lipid levels are a greater risk than high lipid levels in the dialysis population, presumably because of their association with malnutrition. This story needs to be teased out much further before appropriate strategies become clearly apparent. (Peter G. Blake, M.D.)

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XVIth Annual CAPD Conference
CRF by problem area : Lipids